المضارع التام البسيط Present Perfect Simple في الإنجليزية
هذا ليس الدرس الوحيد في موقعنا عن الازمنة ادعوك للإطلاع على دروس سلسلة الازمنة :
العبارات الدالة "Key words" لزمن Present Perfect Simple
| Word/phrase |
use |
example |
| ever | question |
Have you ever seen a tiger? |
| never |
negative |
I have never tried Chinese food |
| Just Already |
Something that happened now |
Our cousins have just arrived. They’ve already made their beds |
| yet | Negative /question | Robbie hasn’t sent me a text yet. Have you finished yet? |
| for |
duration |
Clair has worked there for three years |
| since |
duration |
Arnold has worked there since 2007 |
| How long |
Asking about duration |
How long have you known David |
| So far |
For questions ,negative ,affirmative(neutral phrase) |
We’ve visited three cities so far |
| lately |
Have you read any new books lately? |
|
| recently |
I haven’t seen Natalie recently |
استخدامات "Usages" زمن Present Perfect Simple
1. To talk about something that started and finished in the past, when the time of action is not important
لوصف فعل بدأ و انتهى في الماضي، وقت الفعل غير مهم
مثال:
✸ Sharon has baked a cake
2. To talk about something that happened in the past and has a result in the present.
وصف فعل تم في الماضي،لكن لديه نتيجة حاليا
مثال:
✸ I’ve dropped chocolate on my shirt and now it’s dirty
3. To talk about something that happened a very short time ago
وصف فعل حدث منذ وقت قصير جدا
مثال:
✸ The boys have just come back from school
4. To talk about something that started in the past and continues in the present
وصف فعل أو حدث بدأ في الماضي و مستمر في الحاضر
مثال:
✸ Dad has worked for that company since 2005
5. To talk about experiences/things we have or have not done in our lives
التحدث عن التجارب أو الأشياء التي حدثت/ لم تحدث في حياتنا
مثال:
✸ He has climbed Mont Blanc but he hasn’t climbed Mount Everest
• We use ever to ask about people’s experiences
تستخدم في السؤال عن تجارب الآخرين
مثال:
✸ Have you ever met somebody famous?
✸ هل قابلت أحد المشاهير؟
• We use never to talk about things we have not done in our lives
تستخدم عند ذكر أشياء لم نقم بها في حياتنا
مثال:
✸ Danny has never travelled abroad
✸ داني لم يسافر للخارج
تكوين الفعل "Composition" في زمن Present Perfect Simple
صيغة ال Affirmative
أمثلة:
✸ Sharon has finished her homework
✸ شارون قامت بإنهاء واجباتها
✸ Mohamed has went to school
✸ محمد ذهب الى المدرسة
✸ Jeannine and Tricia have watched that series
✸ جنين و تريشا قاما بمشاهدة تلك السلسلة
✸ We have run out of soap
✸ لقد نفذ من عندنا الصابون
✸ They have called the technician to fix the a/c
✸ لقد قاموا بالإتصال بالكهربائي ليصلح المكيف
أمثلة:
صيغة ال Negative
أمثلة:
✸ I have never been to Spain
✸ لم أذهب أبدا لأسبانيا
✸ The kids haven’t been working hard in football practice
✸ الأطفال لم يجتهدوا في تدريب كرة القدم
✸ It hasn’t stopped snowing yet
✸ انها لمم تتوقف عن الاثلاج بعد
✸ I’ve never seen such a boring documentary
✸ لم أر فيلم وثائقي ممل هكذا
✸ Eugene has never made bread before
✸ يوجين لم يقم بعمل خبزمن قبل
صيغة ال Question
أمثلة:
✸ How long has mr carter lived next door?
✸ منذ متى و أستاذ كارتر يعيش في الجوار
✸ How many goals have the Lakers scored so far?
✸ كم هدفا سجل فريق ليكرز حتى الآن
✸ Where were the boys at 6 o’clock on Monday?
✸ أين كان الأولاد يوم الاثنين الساعة السادسة
✸ Have you heard from Anna lately?
✸ هل سمعت من آنا مؤخرا
✸ Have you ever baked a chocolate cake?
✸ هل قمت بخبز كعكة شوكولا من قبل
List of most important past participles:
| Base verb form | Past participle verb |
| be (is, am, are) | been |
| beat |
beaten |
| become |
become |
| begin |
begun |
| bend |
bent |
| bet |
bet |
| bid |
bid |
| bite |
bitten |
| blow |
blown |
| break |
broken |
| bring |
brought |
| build |
built |
| burn |
burned/burnt |
| buy |
bought |
| catch |
caught |
| choose |
chosen |
| come |
come |
| cost |
cost |
| cut |
cut |
| dig |
dug |
| do |
done |
| draw |
drawn |
| dream |
dreamed/dreamt |
| drive |
driven |
| drink |
drunk |
| eat |
eaten |
| fall |
fallen |
| feel |
felt |
| fight |
fought |
| find |
found |
| fly |
flown |
| forget |
forgotten |
| forgive |
forgiven |
| freeze |
frozen |
| get |
gotten |
| give |
given |
| go |
gone |
| grow |
grown |
| hang |
hung |
| have |
had |
| hear |
heard |
| hide |
hidden |
| hit |
hit |
| hold |
held |
| hurt |
hurt |
| keep |
kept |
| know |
known |
| lay |
laid |
| lead |
led |
| leave |
left |
| lend |
lent |
| let |
let |
| lose |
lost |
| make |
made |
| mean |
meant |
| meet |
met |
| pay |
paid |
| put |
put |
| read |
read |
| ride |
ridden |
| ring |
rung |
| rise |
risen |
| run |
run |
| say |
said |
| see |
seen |
| sell |
sold |
| send |
sent |
| show |
shown |
| shut |
shut |
| sing |
sung |
| sit |
sat |
| sleep |
slept |
| speak |
spoken |
| spend |
spent |
| stand |
stood |
| swim |
swum |
| take |
taken |
| teach |
taught |
| tell |
told |
| think |
thought |
| throw |
thrown |
| understand |
understood |
| wake |
woken |
| wear |
worn |
| win |
won |
| write |
written |
Have gone to VS have been to
a) Have gone to : used to say that someone has gone to a place and has not come back yet
تستخدم عند التحدث عن شخص ذهب الى مكان و لم يرجع بعد منه
مثال:
✸ Carla has gone to Indonesia (she is there now)
b) Have been to: used to say that someone went to a place in the past but has returned back now
تستخدم عند التحدث عن شخص ذهب الى مكان و رجع منه
مثال:
✸ Garry has been to Switzerland (he went to Switzerland and came back)
تمارين وحلول في زمن "Present perfect continuous"
التمرين 1 :
Complete using verb in bracket:
I (not pack) ...... My suitcase yet
2) We(be) ...... very busy lately
3) Faten (go) ...... To Palestine today
4) George (be) ...... to the fishing area and we all ate sea food for lunch
5) Alex (check) ...... his inbox
6) The children (eat) ...... lots of candy and now they are sick
7) Juju (live) ...... in Spain since she was born
8) Miguel (visit) ...... the aqua park recently
9) ...... Klaus ...... this novel?
10) Vicky (not finish) ...... Her homework yet
حل التمرين 1 :
1 haven’t packed – 2 have been – 3 has gone -4 has been – 5 has checked – 6 have eaten – 7 has lived – 8 has visited-9 has Klaus read – 10 hasn’t finished
تعليقات