المضارع التام البسيط Present Perfect Simple في الإنجليزية


المضارع التام البسيط Present Perfect Simple

العبارات الدالة  "Key words" لزمن Present Perfect Simple

Word/phrase
use
example
ever
question

Have you ever seen a tiger?

never

negative

I have never tried Chinese food

Just
Already

Something that happened now
Our cousins have just arrived.

They’ve already made their beds
yet Negative /question Robbie hasn’t sent me a text yet.

Have you finished yet?

for

duration

Clair has worked there for three years

since

duration

Arnold has worked there since 2007

How long

Asking about duration

How long have you known David

So far

For questions

,negative

,affirmative(neutral phrase)

We’ve visited three cities so far

lately

Have you read any new books lately?

recently

I haven’t seen Natalie recently

استخدامات "Usages" زمن Present Perfect Simple


1. To talk about something that started and finished in the past, when the time of action is not important
لوصف فعل بدأ و انتهى في الماضي، وقت الفعل غير مهم

مثال:

 Sharon has baked a cake 

2. To talk about something that happened in the past and has a result in the present.
وصف فعل تم في الماضي،لكن لديه نتيجة حاليا 

مثال:

 I’ve dropped chocolate on my shirt and now it’s dirty 


3. To talk about something that happened a very short time ago
وصف فعل حدث منذ وقت قصير جدا 

مثال:
 
 The boys have just come back from school 

4. To talk about something that started in the past and continues in the present
 وصف فعل أو حدث بدأ في الماضي و مستمر في الحاضر 

مثال:

 Dad has worked for that company since 2005

5. To talk about experiences/things we have or have not done in our lives
التحدث عن التجارب أو الأشياء التي حدثت/ لم تحدث في حياتنا 

مثال:

 He has climbed Mont Blanc but he hasn’t climbed Mount Everest 


• We use ever to ask about people’s experiences
 تستخدم في السؤال عن تجارب الآخرين

مثال:

 Have you ever met somebody famous? 
 هل قابلت أحد المشاهير؟

• We use never to talk about things we have not done in our lives
 تستخدم عند ذكر أشياء لم نقم بها في حياتنا 

مثال:
 
 Danny has never travelled abroad
 داني لم يسافر للخارج 

تكوين الفعل "Composition" في زمن Present Perfect Simple


صيغة ال Affirmative


أمثلة:


 Sharon has finished her homework
 شارون قامت بإنهاء واجباتها

 Mohamed has went to school
 محمد ذهب الى المدرسة

 Jeannine and Tricia have watched that series
 جنين و تريشا قاما بمشاهدة تلك السلسلة

 We have run out of soap
 لقد نفذ من عندنا الصابون

 They have called the technician to fix the a/c
 لقد قاموا بالإتصال بالكهربائي ليصلح المكيف

صيغة ال Negative



أمثلة:

 I have never been to Spain
 لم أذهب أبدا لأسبانيا 

 The kids haven’t been working hard in football practice
 الأطفال لم يجتهدوا في تدريب كرة القدم 

 It hasn’t stopped snowing yet
 انها لمم تتوقف عن الاثلاج بعد

 I’ve never seen such a boring documentary
 لم أر فيلم وثائقي ممل هكذا 

 Eugene has never made bread before
 يوجين لم يقم بعمل خبزمن قبل


صيغة ال Question



أمثلة:


 How long has mr carter lived next door?
 منذ متى و أستاذ كارتر يعيش في الجوار

 How many goals have the Lakers scored so far?
 كم هدفا سجل فريق ليكرز حتى الآن

 Where were the boys at 6 o’clock on Monday?
 أين كان الأولاد يوم الاثنين الساعة السادسة

 Have you heard from Anna lately?
 هل سمعت من آنا مؤخرا

 Have you ever baked a chocolate cake?
 هل قمت بخبز كعكة شوكولا من قبل

List of most important past participles:


Base verb form Past participle verb
be (is, am, are) been

beat

beaten

become

become

begin

begun

bend

bent

bet

bet

bid

bid

bite

bitten

blow

blown

break

broken

bring

brought

build

built

burn

burned/burnt

buy

bought

catch

caught

choose

chosen

come

come

cost

cost

cut

cut

dig

dug

do

done

draw

drawn

dream

dreamed/dreamt

drive

driven

drink

drunk

eat

eaten

fall

fallen

feel

felt

fight

fought

find

found

fly

flown

forget

forgotten

forgive

forgiven

freeze

frozen

get

gotten

give

given

go

gone

grow

grown

hang

hung

have

had

hear

heard

hide

hidden

hit

hit

hold

held

hurt

hurt

keep

kept

know

known

lay

laid

lead

led

leave

left

lend

lent

let

let

lose

lost

make

made

mean

meant

meet

met

pay

paid

put

put

read

read

ride

ridden

ring

rung

rise

risen

run

run

say

said

see

seen

sell

sold

send

sent

show

shown

shut

shut

sing

sung

sit

sat

sleep

slept

speak

spoken

spend

spent

stand

stood

swim

swum

take

taken

teach

taught

tell

told

think

thought

throw

thrown

understand

understood

wake

woken

wear

worn

win

won

write

written

Have gone to VS have been to

a) Have gone to : used to say that someone has gone to a place and has not come back yet 
تستخدم عند التحدث عن شخص ذهب الى مكان و لم يرجع بعد منه

مثال:

 Carla has gone to Indonesia (she is there now)

b) Have been to: used to say that someone went to a place in the past but has returned back now
تستخدم عند التحدث عن شخص ذهب الى مكان و رجع منه 

مثال:

 Garry has been to Switzerland (he went to Switzerland and came back)


تمارين وحلول في زمن "Present perfect continuous" 

التمرين 1 :

Complete using verb in bracket:

I (not pack) ...... My suitcase yet
2) We(be) ...... very busy lately
3) Faten (go) ...... To Palestine today
4) George (be) ...... to the fishing area and we all ate sea food for lunch
5) Alex (check) ...... his inbox 
6) The children (eat) ...... lots of candy and now they are sick
7) Juju (live) ......  in Spain since she was born
8) Miguel (visit) ......  the aqua park recently
9)  ...... Klaus ...... this novel?
10) Vicky (not finish) ...... Her homework yet

حل التمرين 1 :


1 haven’t packed – 2 have been – 3 has gone -4 has been – 5 has checked – 6 have eaten – 7 has lived – 8 has visited-9 has Klaus read – 10 hasn’t finished

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